The term Liberal Arts comes from the study schemes of universities in the Medieval Epoch:
First you studied the Trivium: Grammar, Logic and Rhetoric (usually in Latin)
Then you studied the Quadrivium: Arithmetic, Geometry, Music and Astrology (later, astronomy)
Astronomy replaced astrology in Spain around the latter half of the 1700's. In England, Italy and France this was about 100 years earlier.
Alchemy was often dabbled with by some astronomers, and later evolved into Chemistry.
The three subjects of the Trivium plus the four of the Quadrivium made up the seven Liberal Arts
Medicine, pharmacy, and law were generally learned as apprenticeships.
Commerce (business) was not an academic study at all: If your father was a shopkeeper or trader, you learned it from him.
Obviously the non academic subjects never had any sort of agreed up[on curriculum, so progress was very slow.