Monday, June 11, 2007
al Marri -- Big News From the Fourth Circuit
Marty Lederman
The U.S. Court of Appeals today held that the military detention of U.S. resident alien Ali Saleh Kahlah al-Marri is unlawful: "We conclude that we must grant al-Marri habeas relief. Even assuming the truth of the Government’s allegations, the President lacks power to order the military to seize and indefinitely detain al-Marri. If the Government accurately describes al-Marri’s conduct, he has committed grave crimes. But we have found no
authority for holding that the evidence offered by the Government affords a basis for treating al-Marri as an enemy combatant, or as anything other than a civilian."
Note that the decision depends on the fact that al-Marri was a resident of the U.S., and therefore protected by the Due Process Clause. The decision therefore would not necessarily resolve similar questions with respect to aliens not protected by the Due Process Clause -- and renders even more important the question whether aliens captured and held abroad, or at Guantanamo, have constitutional rights. But I haven't finished reading yet, so that's only a very tentative caution. [UPDATE: A Post identifying the two "holdings" of the case -- including the one that is less prominent but probably more important (hint: it involves absuive interrogation) -- here.]
More to follow, but in the meantime, here's the lede:
For over two centuries of growth and struggle, peace and war, the Constitution has secured our freedom through the guarantee that, in the United States, no one will be deprived of liberty without due process of law. Yet more than four years ago military authorities seized an alien lawfully residing here. He has been held by the military ever since -- without criminal charge or process. He has been so held despite the fact that he was initially taken from his home in Peoria, Illinois by civilian authorities, and indicted for purported domestic crimes. He has been so held although the Government has never alleged that he is a member of any nation’s military, has fought alongside any nation’s armed forces, or has borne arms against the United States anywhere in the world. And he has been so held, without acknowledgment of the protection afforded by the Constitution, solely because the Executive believes that his military detention is proper.
While criminal proceedings were underway against Ali Saleh Kahlah al-Marri, the President ordered the military to seize and detain him indefinitely as an enemy combatant. Since that order, issued in June of 2003, al-Marri has been imprisoned without charge in a military jail in South Carolina. Al-Marri petitions for a writ of habeas corpus to secure his release from military imprisonment. The Government defends this detention, asserting that al-Marri associated with al Qaeda and “prepar[ed] for acts of international terrorism.†It maintains that the President has both statutory and inherent constitutional authority to subject al-Marri to indefinite military detention and, in any event, that a new statute -- enacted years after al-Marri’s seizure -- strips federal courts of jurisdiction even to consider this habeas petition.
We hold that the new statute does not apply to al-Marri, and so we retain jurisdiction to consider his petition. Furthermore, we conclude that we must grant al-Marri habeas relief. Even assuming the truth of the Government’s allegations, the President lacks power to order the military to seize and indefinitely detain al-Marri. If the Government accurately describes al-Marri’s conduct, he has committed grave crimes. But we have found no authority for holding that the evidence offered by the Government affords a basis for treating al-Marri as an enemy combatant, or as anything other than a civilian.
This does not mean that al-Marri must be set free. Like others accused of terrorist activity in this country, from the Oklahoma City bombers to the surviving conspirator of the September 11th attacks, al-Marri can be returned to civilian prosecutors,
tried on criminal charges, and, if convicted, punished severely. But the Government cannot subject al-Marri to indefinite military detention.
For in the United States, the military cannot seize and imprison civilians -- let alone imprison them indefinitely.Posted 12:31 PM by Marty Lederman [link]
http://balkin.blogspot.com/2007/06/al-marri-big-news-from-fourth-circuit.html
