None of these things you describe is the result of a judicial process, which we have come to see as necessarily fair and just.
Nature is neither fair nor just, that is pretty clear.
The idea of an afterlife is one way that humans have devised to bring fairness into the world. If you are evil in this world and go unpunished, God will get you in the next. Recently I have seen cartoons depicting Kim Jong Il, Qaddaffi and Assad all contemplating their new assignment in the underworld. Saddam in Hell was a recurring theme in South Park.
As Maud was wont to say "God will get you for that, Arthur!"
If someone does not like the punishment meted out by a court, there is a possibility of an appeal. If one does not like the punishment of Nature, bad luck or How the Cookie Crumbles, there is always a possibility of God setting it right in the afterlife. If one disagrees with God, then one is stuck with the verdict. God is the celestial equivalent of the Supreme Court.