We don't catch criminals better than they do in most other places.
People who have lived in Japan tell me that when you report a robbery there, there is a high probability that, not only will they catch the thief, but even that you will get your stuff back. Here, you get a copy of a report to file for your insurance.
We have more people in jails and prisons because we lock people up more often, and when we do, we lock them up for a longer period. We tend to have a higher recidivism rate, and we lock them up more often, too.